What Is Social Isolation and Its Risks?

The CDC stated the answer in simple terms:

Loneliness is the feeling of being alone, regardless of the amount of social contact. Social isolation is a lack of social connections. Social isolation can lead to loneliness in some people, while others can feel lonely without being socially isolated.

Some studies, including one from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM)shows that nearly a quarter of adults older than 65 are socially isolated. It also shows a third or more of those 45 years of age and older have feelings of loneliness. Those most at risk are older adults, because of things like:

  • Chronic illness
  • Living alone because of a spouse dying or children leaving home
  • Loss of friends

CIgna conducted a survey in 2018 that showcased how loneliness is on the rise. In fact, of the adults who reported, almost half considered themselves as “feeling lonely.” This was almost 20,000 people in the United States. These people brought up concerns like feeling distanced from others and having meaningless relationships.

The problem with social isolation is more than just loneliness, which is bad enough on its own. Social isolation comes with physical and mental health risks that may surprise you.

The Risks of Social Isolation

What researchers know is that the risks of social isolation are more prevalent than once thought. So much so that some countries have addressed it. Countries like the United Kingdom, Denmark and Australia have launched coalitions and campaigns to stop their citizens from feeling socially isolated.

We now know that being isolated contributes to health and mental issues. These include:

  • Risk of death from all causes is higher, including a sedentary lifestyle, obesity and smoking
  • Dementia risk increases by approximately 50%
  • Over 30% risk of stroke
  • Almost 30% risk of heart disease
  • Higher rates of suicide, anxiety and depression
  • A fourfold increase in heart failure
  • An almost 70% higher risk of hospitalization as compared to those without social isolation
  • Almost 60% higher risk of emergency room visits as compared to those without social isolation
  • Twice as damaging as obesity
  • Health risks equal to a two-pack-a-day cigarette habit
  • Poor sleep quality
  • Impaired immunity
  • Impaired executive function
  • Poor cardiovascular function
  • Sped up cognitive decline

This can even lead to stress, where a person is in a permanent state of flight or fight. This has negative affects on the immune system. Those who have isolation problems often have diminished immunity and increased inflammation.

One issue is that the number of people who live alone or experience social isolation increased from years prior and since the last census. Certain things attribute to this, including a lack of religious affiliation. This is one way to experience a sense of community, yet it is in decline. Some other rates showcasing why social isolation is on the rise includes those living alone. More people are single than ever before, and since the last census, there has been a decline in the number of households with children. When you combine that with fewer people taking part in community activities, including spiritual activities, there is a greater chance of people experiencing isolation.

How Does Social Isolation Occur?

It seems that in past decades, people belonged to more communities. Neighbors knew each other. People seemed to get together more often with public functions, school functions and friends. More of the population attended religious or spiritual-related services, and people spent more time outdoors. Sure, this isn’t true in every case. Perhaps your parents lived in a more remote area where their neighbors were far away. Or maybe your grandparents never attended church. These aren’t a one-size-fits-all explanation, but there has been a shift in how we interact. More people turn to online activities than ever before. But are these genuine connections that combat loneliness? Perhaps not.

Whether others surround you, or you are alone, social isolation happens to many people. Even those with families feel the effects. Almost 30% of those with families still suffer recurring bouts of loneliness. Some feel dissatisfaction with their families and community. Many feel they have no social life. But even those who work outside the home and have families can experience social isolation. While others may surround them, this doesn’t mean they feel a meaningful connection — or any connection at all.

Without feeling a connection to others, it’s hard to get over feelings of loneliness.

People at a Higher Risk

There are certain demographics that are at a higher risk for social isolation than others. These include minorities and LGBT people. There are a few reasons for this. One is that some immigrants have fewer ties to their family members, who may be thousands of miles away. Of course, you can imagine being new to an entire country and not only trying to fit in but form connections too. And for those who are first-generation immigrants, there are other issues like language barriers or cultural differences.

For those who identify as LGBT, they may encounter stigmas. This can make it difficult to bond with others or find new friends. And unless they are in an area that promotes diversity, it is even more difficult to find a community that welcomes them. They may distance themselves from their family members because of their sexual orientation.

How to Get Help

If you or a loved one experience social isolation, there are things you can do. While there is not a single cure because everyone is unique, help is available.

One thing to learn is that being alone does not equate to loneliness. And don’t automatically turn to your smart phone or computer. Being on social media can be a negative experience for many. Too much fighting or negativity only worsens how you feel.

Look for activities that give you joy. Whether it’s a hobby you haven’t done in years, reading, watching movies or going for a walk — do something that creates a feeling of productivity and self-compassion.

If you are spiritual, this is an excellent time to embrace that. Let go of all negativity you feel toward yourself, others and the state of the world.

Do something constructive. Do some spring cleaning or start a journal. Anything that keeps your mind busy can help with some loneliness.

Reach out to others. While you may not meet up with people right now, you can take part in a phone call or use Zoom to talk to a friend or loved one. If your family is nearby or lives with you, try not to shut them out and don’t allow them to shut you out.

If you feel that your loneliness is too much to handle, there is professional help. There is nothing wrong with seeing someone who can help you untangle your thoughts and feel better about yourself and your life. If you or a loved one suffer from severe social isolation or depression, Transformations Treatment Center offers psychotherapy options and medication-assisted treatment designed to provide unique treatment options for each client’s specific needs. We understand the importance of individualized care, and we desire for you to experience hope and live a life with fewer debilitating symptoms.

References:

https://www.the-scientist.com/features/how-social-isolation-affects-the-brain-67701

https://www.cdc.gov/aging/publications/features/lonely-older-adults.html#:~:text=Social%20isolation%20is%20a%20lack,lonely%20without%20being%20socially%20isolated

https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/the-health-and-medical-dimensions-of-social-isolation-and-loneliness-in-older-adults

https://www.cigna.com/about-us/newsroom/studies-and-reports/loneliness-epidemic-america

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1745691614568352